뜻
고구려어
돌궐어족
몽골어
고대 일본어
현대 일본어
백제어
신라어
중세 국어
현대 한국어
퉁구스어
여진어
만주어
예빈키어
君主
kʌi 가이/ kai개(皆)
kai-sɐ가이사
개차(皆次)
qaγan(可汗)
kagan
kaγan(可汗)
ki1mi1("king, emperor, monarch")
kimi("you")
ka(瑕)
kisi(吉支) nirimɯ(君)
kan(干)
kɯm(今) kahan
kɯi긔(王)
nim kɯm
nim kɯm
***
***
han
***
善射
jumong,chumo
주몽(朱蒙,鄒牟)
***
jəmə("noted bow"),
Jobe-Mergen
tomo("shooter's tool")
tomo("friend, follower") tama("excellent,important,soul") tuma("tip")
tomoe(emblem of tomo)
tomo- tama tsume("nail,claw")
***
***
***
***
***
***
jolin-manga ,
julil-muəl(卓琳莽阿)
***
金
so(蘇) 소
sol 솔,소시(召尸, silver)
***
***
***
***
so
(所)
so 素 ("gold")
***
sö("metal")
söh 쇳
***
***
sele("iron")
šun("sun")
sigūn("sun")
鉛
nəi- 내 납, miuət/namer
(乃勿) 내물,나물
***
***
namari
namari
***
***
*namɔr
nap/납
***
***
***
***
復舊土
ta mul
타물,다물 (多勿)
***
***
tabi (度:time; whenever)
tabi/tambi
tamlo
***
***
taɕi ("again")
tø- ("re-") tam
***
***
tabu-(to divide,to tear)
***
北(背後)
je제 (提)
jwat절(絶) 椽那部,提那部,絶奴部,後部
arka("back")
hoina (布里亚特语huainə)
utara umara
tʃe("back")
se("back,height")
***
***
tuih
tui
("back, behind")
xama
***
amargi
amasi("back")
***
南(前方)
kuan관(灌)
(灌奴部)
kuzey,Ön(front)
***
kaɸo("face")
kan-(予:"pre-")
kao("look, face")
kana-(叶:to serve,to get one's wish)
久知下(kujiha)
***
***
kət("surface, look")
***
***
julergi
***
東(左)
źwən전,sun순 (順),
(順奴部)순노부
doğu,sol(left)
źeü ,
źegün
a-dʒuma/a-duma("east")
azuma
得安(dɯkan)
***
***
ön("left")
sae("east")
źun
***
dergi
jun
jəgin("left")
西(右)
yən연 (涓),
연노부(涓奴部)
batı
ürüne ,
barun
yo-(善:"good")
ya-(否:"no,foul")
yo-/i-("good,correct,suitable,agreeable")
iya/ya-(disagreeable)
***
***
***
orɯn("right")
parɯn("right") hanɯi(west)
xangid
***
wargi
anŋū(right)
石
***
taš
cilaɣu(n) (古蒙古语)
culuu (喀尔喀蒙古) šuluu(n) (布里亚特语)
isi
ishi
turak(珍惡)
***
tōlh
tōl
***
***
tahan("steppingstones")
***
巖,峴,岑
pa파-・ιəi,pua-・ιəi*pàI,pa'i /pua-斤ei,*paxe
파의, 파희,바위 巴衣,波衣,波兮
***
***
iɸa / iɸaɸo
(probably unrelated)
iwao ("great rock, bedrock")
***
***
pahoy(巖)巴衣,바회
pawi
pax(石・崖)
(尼夫赫语)
***
wehe
***
土地
no 노
내 内/奴~弩/惱 nori 노리 奴閭
***
ńurū
nu/no(野"land")
no
no
nu¨~nu¨ri/nε (世)
***
nuri
na (土地)
na
na(土地),noro(-n)
***
國
(nua) > na / no 나라
내,나,노,뇌,內,那,奴,惱 ra라(羅)
ili
ulus(* kolci/ko-ts‘ii
(忽次/古次/串)
***
훌츠qurc(喀尔喀蒙古)("skewer, spit" 串)
kutu~kuti/kuti < *kutui
kuchi
***
***
koj 곶 ("skewer, spit; promontory" 串)
kulrε (Jeju dialect)
kul (South Jeolla dialect)
***
***
***
***
進入
・ιi/*i
(伊)
***
ire-
来
ir- 进入
ir-
***
***
ip(口)/ip(門戸)
ir-(to arrive; to come)
ip
i-(入)
***
ibe-("to get foward")
***
新
ʃιəu/*sü
首수
***
***
zu("new, present, developing,a gleam")
suga-("fresh")
suga-suga-s-
***
say
say (새)
sɛ
***
iche
ice
***
牛
ʃιəu/*sü
首수,소
***
***
usi
ushi
***
***
ʃyo/쇼
so
***
***
eje("castrated cow")
***
豬
o-sie/o-s^i¨ʌŋ
烏斯/烏生오스,오샹
*doŋuz > domuz
***
usi ("ox; cattle")
wi ("swine")
***
*tɕo-nʲi
(猪耳)
***
totʰ 돝
twɛːji, toyaji(dialect), tochi(dialect)
***
***
ulgiyan("pig")
ulha("domestic animal")
***
鹿
kosya고스야,구스야
(古斯也)
***
***
kuzika
shika
***
***
***
korani
고라니 ("Manchurian elk") kōrɛŋi, korɛi (Gyeongsang dialect)
***
***
kandahan ("a kind of deer")
***
馬
***
***
mori~muri
uma~muma
uma
***
***
mʌl/(馬)
mal
mori
(Nanai)
***
morin
***
斧
・ιo-sie ,
nərə-si (於斯)
***
***
wono2
ono
***
***
*odzgɔy
(烏子蓋) ("ax") nɔlh 날ㅎ ("blade")
nal (칼)날 ("blade")
nas ("sickle; scythe") tōkki ("ax")
***
***
anjikū ("hatchet")
***
廣
nərə-si, ə-si,
(於斯)
***
osy/esy 阿斯(寬大:gererous, tolerant)
nalai
naras-u("roll,to level off")
os-u("transcend, surpass") e-si("right,wide,noble,enough")
naras-u("to level off")
os-u("to transcend, to press, to push")
***
***
어위 (< *어쉬)
nəlbɯn 넓은
nəlb nərɯn
***
očo 我撮(寬)
ončo(廣:wast)
***
翼
nərəgi
əji(於支)
*älig > el ("hand")
***
tadamgi(arm)
atʃi(foot,walk,rain,money)
ashi
***
***
nʌlgɛ
narɛ, nalgɛ 날개
***
***
asχa
***
横
・ιo-sie/*es
(於斯)
***
***
yo2ko2(横)/yo2k-(避)
yoko/yokeru
***
***
əs/엇
əs
***
***
***
***
谷
tan/tuən/t‘ən
(旦,頓,呑)
***
***
tani
tani
***
***
tʌn~tuʌn("village", 村)
***
***
***
***
***
榖
niəŋ-biuʌt
仍伐녕벌
***
***
ina-ɸo("ear of rice")
mi2("fruit, seed, grain") nebar-("stickiness of rice")
inaho
nebar-
***
***
pyə("rice plant; unhulled rice")
nuy("grains of unhulled rice amongst hulled rice")
***
***
***
***
粗
kuət-・ιəi
(骨衣)골희 굴희
***
***
kata-("tough,firm")
katai("tough,stiff")
***
ka¨cʰɔ¨l
kəcʰɯl- (荒)
kəchil-
kud-
***
***
kata-("to become hard, to become rough")
***
耕
ka-ʃιi가시
(加尸) 갈시
kerci-("to cut, to dig trenches")
***
kar-("to plow")
kar-
***
***
karai(木[木+欠]・鍬, kal-(plow)
kal(刀)
kal-
gerbe-("break, snap")
(Nanai)
***
halhan(犂先)/halhan~halgan(犂[金+華])
gerbe-("break, snap")
邊
ka-(・a)
(加阿)가.아
kera
***
ha("edge, blade")kari("edge")
ha
kari
***
***
kʌs
kā
***
***
kaja-("to cut")
huwesi-("cutter, small blade")
***
圓
toŋ-pιuəi
(冬非)동비,
***
***
tubura(丸)/maro(丸:"round")
tsubura
***
***
tuŋgɯl-(圓)
tuŋgɯl-(圓}
***
***
torho-("to roll,to circle")
***
丸
anʃi, 안시anʒip,ɣwando
안십,완도(安市,安十,丸都)
***
ənduhə (达斡尔语)
azi("reason,value")
aji(taste)
***
***
***
al 알
(x)elū-
***
umhan
muheren
elū
足
tor 돌(廻)
***
***
tar-(足る:"enough,last,to reach")
tarir-
***
***
tʌri
tari 다리
***
***
juru(numeral for something pair up)
***
毛
tʰjʌr 탈,털(鐵)
***
***
***
***
***
***
tʌri
tʰʌr 털
***
***
***
***
重
biar/bιεt
(別) 별
***
***
ɸe
***
***
***
pʌl
***
***
***
fe("ex-, past, former")
***
松
pιu-sie부세,부스 부소/pιu-so
(扶蘇/扶蘇)
***
***
matu
matsu
bu(扶,負)
so(蘇)
***
sol(松)/pos(樺)
sol,sonamu,so
***
***
bahiya("pine cone")
***
深
bιuk-sie/puk
(伏斯)복세,복스,푹 폭
***
***
ɸuka-si/puka-
fuka-
***
***
kiph u·n
kiph-
puk ("deeply")
***
***
***
***
狌
yia-ʃιi
(也尸) 야시
***
***
itatʃi(weasel)
itachi(weasel)
***
***
yezï ~ yezɣ-
("fox")
yəu ("fox")
여시yəsi(dialect)
***
***
***
***
隣
ιi-bιuʌt
(伊伐)이벌
***
***
iɸa("residences")
iɸa-udo/iɸa-ɸito("family,genealogy") iɸawi/iɸewi("domiciles,houses")
i-ba-sho("one's whereabouts" sho is a loan word)
***
***
***
iut (隣)
***
***
imiya-("to gather togather")
***
霜
sat 살
(薩)
***
***
sai, see, zai, zae
(dialectal Japanese words for "icicle" or "ice on the branches of trees or on the surface of a body of water")
***
***
***
səri
səri
***
***
juhe
***
菁
ka-tʃιe가세
(加支)가지
***
***
kati/katʃin(brown/lush),katute(in the past)
katʃte
***
***
***
kəch-(蕪)
kis- ("lush, overgrown with weeds, overrun with plants")
***
***
***
***
鵠
ko-・ιəi고레이,고의,고니
(古衣)
qoγu
***
kukuɸi1~kubi1("swan")
kukui/kugui("swan")
***
***
kohay
kon
koni
***
***
gaha("bird, raven")
gasha("big bird")
***
群落
ul 울,우시(于尸)
uruk ("clan")
ulus ("people, nation, tribe, horde")
udi ("clan, family; the standing of one's family, the social status of one's family, lineage, birth; surname")
uchi("me, home, family")
***
***
ul("relations; relatives; kinsfolk; clan")
uri ("we, us; the Korean people, Koreans")
***
***
***
urse ("people")
uce("entrance")
***
牙
kʌi-ʃιi가이시,개시
(皆尸)
***
***
ki1 ("fang; tusk")
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
平
pii-lιεt비렬
(比烈)비례
biri
***
ɸi1ra-(比良:flat,level)
taira("flat")
hirata-
taira
***
***
***
pʌl
***
***
ba("field, district")
pile-("to confirm, to criticize") tehere-("to flat, to be equal")
***
母親
ya chi야츠
(也次)야차,야치
Ana
***
ɸaɸa("mother")/oya("parent")
haha, oya
***
***
어ᅀᅵ
əzi
어미əmi
아매,에마 ame,ema(north dialect)
***
eniyen
a ja
***
嬰兒
gιəu-sie / kus / kyus
(仇斯)구스
koto(儿子,匈奴語)
kız (女孩、女儿) O'gul
***
ko1 (子)
kodomo
***
***
***
koma(童)
koma-(小-)
***
omo
jui("kid")
kuŋa ("child")
熊
komok고목
(功木)
***
***
kuma
kuma
koma
***
kom
kōm
***
***
***
***
兔
u-sie-həm우세험 우스함오사함 투시커머,툿이
(烏斯含)
tawïsγan
***
usagi1 / wosagi1
usagi
***
***
thos-gi 톳기
tho-ggi 토끼
***
***
***
***
見面
pʌk/*pak
(伯) 박
bak-("to see, to look; to find")
***
mak-(設:"to obtain,to prepare,to make")
ɸak-(別:"to see, to know,to understand")>*wakar- ɸakar-(諮・計:"to consult,to talk, to obtain")
mōker-
wakar- hakar-
***
***
poizʌp- ("to humbly show oneself, to meet (an honored person)")
po-("to see, to look")/ poyp-("to have an audience with, to meet (an honored person)")
pak
***
baka- ("to look for, to seek, to search")
baha-("to get, to obtain")
baka-("to find")
難
ma 마
(馬)
***
***
ma- ("truely, really")
ma-
***
***
modir-
mōjir- ("harsh; severe; cruel")
***
manga(難:hard)
maŋga(堅、難"hard")
maŋa
心/胸
kιo-sιi겨시,겨시
(居尸)거시
göğüs
kökün
ko2ko2ro2("heart")/koro("oneself")
kokoro
***
***
***
kogäŋi (核心)/ kasʰɯm (胸、心)
***
***
huhun (乳、乳房)
***
韮
mai-tʃιi마이시
(買尸)매시
***
maŋgirsun(野蒜)
mi1ra(韮)
nira ("garlic chives")
***
***
manʌl
(蒜)
manɯl
***
***
maca ("garlic chives")
***
根
tsʌm잠
(斬)
***
***
tukene("root,knot,joint")
tʃukene
***
pul?(根)
pulhuy(根)
ppuri
tʃamγ(根株)
(尼夫赫语)
***
da
***
文
kɯl/kιən-ʃιi
글 근시 (斤尸)
***
***
kak-(to write)
kuk-/*kurum-(to collect, to form,to bind) ko2to2("word, speech, language")
kak-
kukur-/kurum- koto
***
***
kɯl
kɯl
***
herse
hergen
***
玉
ko-ʃie고스
구스 구셰,구슬(古斯)
***
gas
kusiro2("bracelet")
kushiro
***
***
kusɯl ("jewel")
kusɯl
***
γun
gu
***
孔
dzei〈tsei〉-ts‘ii
斉次/濟次
***
***
tʃuk-(透), tʃuki(隙)
suki ("chink, gap, vulnerable point")
***
***
***
t’ul-(透), tɯm(隙)***
***
***
***
***
穴
kap,kap-pii
甲,甲比
qapca("gorge, ravine"), qapi¨γ("Gate")
***
kaɸi1 ("gorge, strait, narrow valley")
kubomi
***
***
***
kul (穴)
***
***
***
***
三
mir, mil
(密) siet/s^ïei (悉/史)
bis(5)
gurav
mi1
mi
***
mil
sei/səih
셋 sʰet̚
***
ilan
ilan
***
五
ütsi,uci,üc,
uca,uchha (于次,弓次)
üç(3)
tabun
itu
itsu
***
***
tasul (打戌)
tasət
닷 tah
dügün
sunja
sunja
***
七
nan-・ιən,
nanən,nanun, nanin (難隠)
Yeti
***
nana
nana
***
***
(n)ìlgɯp(一急)
(n)ìlgúp
nadan
nadan
nadan
***
十
tək,duk
(德)
on
toquz(9)
arav
to2/to2wo
tō-
***
***
***
열 yəl(10)
온on(100) 즈믄chɯmun(1000)
juwa
juwan
juwan
ʒuwan
黑
*kəmər, kəmhək
(今勿)
Qara
***
kuro1
kuro
***
***
kəm-/검-
검 kʌm
***
***
kara
***
白
nə γei
ʃιi-lap (奈兮 / 尸臘)
Aq
***
sira(白)
shiro
***
***
hʌy-(白)
hʌy-
hin hayan
***
***
šara-("to become white")
šeyen("white") šanggiyan("white")
***
紅
s^a-bιuk
s^a-pιuəi-kιən sa(i)puk, sa(i)pikon sapi 沙伏, 沙非斤
Qyzyl
*hulaɣan > ulaan
so2ɸo